Login or Register to make a submission.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.
  • The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
  • The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, or RTF document file format.
  • Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
  • The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
  • The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.
  • The author(s) declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION (STYLE AND FORM)
The most important thing you can do as you prepare your manuscript is to consult a recent issue of GJASR in terms of the acceptable format for headings, title page, Abstract, Key words, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (or combined Results and Discussion), Literature Cited, and tables and figures (including figure captions), which are described in more detail below. Failure to adhere to the style and form will result in immediate rejection of the manuscript.

General
Papers must be written in English and must use the American spelling and usage as well as standard scientific usage, as given in the following online resources:
Manuscripts should be prepared double-spaced in Microsoft Word, with lines and pages numbered conseductively, using Times New Roman font at 12 points. Special characters (e.g., Greek and symbols) should be inserted using the symbols palette available in this font. Complex equations should be entered using Math- Type. Tables and figures should be placed in placed in the text. Authors should prepare their manuscript in Microsoft Word and send the manuscripts using the fewest files possible to facilitate the review and editing processes.
Manuscripts should contain the following sections (Appendices or Online Only Data Supplements, described below, are optional), in this order:

Authors and affiliation
The names and affiliations of the authors should be presented as follows:
John Smith1,*, Pier E. Jones2, Jack Garcia1,3 and Paul Martin Jr2
1Department of Animal Nutrition, Scottish Agricultural College, West Main Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
2Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
3Laboratorio de Producci?n Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C. Miguel Servet, 177,50013, Zaragoza, Spain
*Present address: Dairy Science Laboratory, AgResearch, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Corresponding author: John Smith. E-mail: John.Smith@univ.co.uk

The corresponding author indicated in the manuscript who will be the correspondent for a published paper can be different from the corresponding author who submits and manages the manuscript during the review process; the latter corresponding author will need to be registered on Editorial Manager.

Title Page
The title page includes a running head (the first word only and any proper nouns capitalized and no more than 45 characters plus spaces); the title (only the first word and any proper nouns capitalized, as brief as possible, and including the species involved); names of authors (e.g., T. E. Smith; no title, positions, or degrees) and institutions, including the department, city, state or country (all with first letters capitalized), and ZIP or postal code. Affiliations are footnoted using the number and are placed below the author names. Footnotes on the first page (present address, and email address of the corresponding author) are referenced by superscript numbers. Acknowledgments, including acknowledgements of grants, experiment station, or journal series number, are given as a footnote to the title. Authors who hold patents related to the research presented in the manuscript should include a statement in a footnote.

Abstract
The abstract consists of no more than 500 words in one paragraph and summarizes the pertinent results (with statistical evidence; i.e., P-values) in a brief but understandable form, beginning with a clear statement of the objective and ending with the conclusions, with no references cited.

Key Words
List up to 6 key words or phrases including the species, variables tested, and the major response criteria. The first letter of each key word is lowercase (unless a proper noun); key words are separated by commas and presented in alphabetical order; and no abbreviations should be used.

Introduction
The Introduction should briefly present the current issues that the authors are addressing while outlining the context of the work, ensuring that the objectives are clearly defined, and that the main features of the experiment or of the work are clear to the reader. Increasing the knowledge on a subject is not an objective per se. References in the Introduction should be limited as it should not be a preliminary discussion or a literature review.

Materials and Methods
A clear description or specific original reference is required for all biological, analytical, and statistical procedures. All modifications of procedures must be explained. Diets, dates of experimental activities if appropriate, animals [breed, sex, age, body weight, and weighing conditions (i.e., with or without restriction of feed and water)], surgical techniques, measurements, and statistical models should be described clearly and fully. Appropriate statistical methods should be used, although the biology should be emphasized. Statistical methods commonly used in the animal sciences need not be described in detail, but adequate references should be provided. The statistical model, classes, blocks, and experimental unit must be designated. Any restrictions used in estimating parameters should be defined. Reference to a statistical package without reporting the sources of variation (classes) and other salient features of the analysis, such as covariance or orthogonal contrasts, is not sufficient. Always reference SAS with the manufacturer information (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC); do not call out as a reference in the Literature Cited. A statement of the results of the statistical analysis should justify the interpretations and conclusions. The experimental unit is the smallest unit to which an individual treatment is imposed. Measurements on the same experimental unit over time also are not independent and should not be considered as independent experimental units. Provide a validation for assays [e.g., mean and CV for repeated analysis of a sample (both between and within-assay if available) and the sensitivity (minimum amount or concentration detectable)]. Also, provide a publication reference for the methodology used in kits. Centrifugal force should be provided in , not rpm, and duration and temperature of centrifugation must be included. Include volume of blood collected, container used, and amount of preservative or anticoagulant (e.g., heparin).

Results
The results are presented in the form of tables or figures when feasible. The text should explain or elaborate on the tabular data, but numbers should not be repeated within the text. Sufficient data, all with some index of variation attached (including significance level; i.e., P-value), should be presented to allow the reader to interpret the results of the experiment. Reporting the actual P-value is preferred to the use of the terms significant and highly significant. Thus, the observed significance level (e.g., P = 0.027) should be presented, thereby allowing the reader to decide what to reject. Other probability (alpha) levels may be discussed if properly qualified so that the reader is not misled (e.g., trends in the data).

Discussion
The discussion should interpret the results clearly and concisely in terms of biological mechanisms and significance and also should integrate the research findings with the body of previously published literature to provide the reader with a broad base on which to accept or reject the hypotheses tested. A stand-alone Discussion section should not refer to any tables or figures, nor should it include P- values (unless citing a P-value from another work).

Conclusion
Summarize all-important accomplishments achieved.

Acknowledgments
All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an Acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, or a department chair who provided only general support. Please supply any personal acknowledgments separately to the main text to facilitate anonymous peer review.
Writing assistance: Individuals who provided writing assistance, e.g. from a specialist communications company, do not qualify as authors and so should be included in the Acknowledgements section. Authors must disclose any writing assistance – including the individual’s name, company, and level of input – and identify the entity that paid for this assistance. It is not necessary to disclose the use of language polishing services.

Conflict of Interest
Conflicts of interest (COIs, also known as ‘competing interests’) occur when issues outside research could be reasonably perceived to affect the neutrality or objectivity of the work or its assessment. Potential conflicts of interest must be declared—whether or not they actually had an influence—to allow informed decisions. In most cases, this declaration will not stop work from being published nor will it always prevent someone from being involved in a review process.
If unsure, declare a potential interest or discuss with the editorial office. Undeclared interests may incur sanctions. Submissions with undeclared conflicts that are later revealed may be rejected. Published articles may need to be re-assessed, have a corrigendum published, or in serious cases be retracted. For more information on COIs, see the guidance from the ICMJE and WAME.
Conflicts include the following:
• Financial—funding and other payments, goods and services received or expected by the authors relating to the subject of the work or from an organization with an interest in the outcome of the work
• Affiliations—being employed by, on the advisory board for, or a member of an organization with an interest in the outcome of the work
• Intellectual property—patents or trademarks owned by someone or their organization
• Personal—friends, family, relationships, and other close personal connections
• Ideology—beliefs or activism, for example, political or religious, relevant to the work
• Academic—competitors or someone whose work is critiqued

Funding
All research articles should have a funding acknowledgement statement included in the manuscript in the form of a sentence under a separate heading entitled ‘Funding’ directly after your Acknowledgements and Declaration of Conflicting Interests, if applicable, and prior to any Notes and your References. The funding agency should be written out in full, followed by the grant number in square brackets, see following example (the text in bold is mandatory, unless specified otherwise by the journal):
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council [grant number xxx].
Multiple grant numbers should be separated by comma and space. Where the research was supported by more than one agency, the different agencies should be separated by semi-colon, with “and” before the final funder. Thus:
This work was supported by the Trust [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Natural Environment Research Council [grant number zzzz]; and the Economic and Social Research Council [grant number aaaa].
In some cases, research is not funded by a specific project grant, but rather from the block grant and other resources available to a university, college or other research institution. Where no specific funding has been provided for the research we ask that corresponding authors use the following sentence:
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Please include this information under a separate heading entitled ‘Funding’ directly after any Acknowledgements and Declaration of Conflicting Interests (if applicable), and prior to any Notes and your References.
Important note: If you have any concerns that the provision of this information may compromise your anonymity dependent on the peer review policy of this journal outlined above, you can withhold this information until you submit your final accepted manuscript.

Figures
All Figures (charts, diagrams, line drawings, web pages/screenshots, and photographic images) must be embedded into the text and not supplied separately. All Figures should be of high quality, legible and numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals. Graphics may be supplied in colour to facilitate their appearance on the online database.
• Figures created in MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, Illustrator should be supplied in their native formats. Electronic figures created in other applications should be copied from the origination software and pasted into a blank MS Word document or saved and imported into an MS Word document or alternatively create a .pdf file from the origination software.
• Figures which cannot be supplied as above are acceptable in the standard image formats which are: .pdf, .ai, and .eps. If you are unable to supply graphics in these formats then please ensure they are .tif, .jpeg, or .bmp at a resolution of at least 300dpi and at least 10cm wide.
• To prepare web pages/screenshots simultaneously press the "Alt" and "Print screen" keys on the keyboard, open a blank Microsoft Word document and simultaneously press "Ctrl" and "V" to paste the image. (Capture all the contents/windows on the computer screen to paste into MS Word, by simultaneously pressing "Ctrl" and "Print screen".)
• Photographic images should be submitted electronically and of high quality. They should be saved as .tif or .jpeg files at a resolution of at least 300dpi and at least 10cm wide. Digital camera settings should be set at the highest resolution/quality possible.

Tables
All tables should be numbered with Arabic numerals. Every table should have a caption. Headings should be placed above tables, left justified. Only horizontal lines should be used within a table, to distinguish the column headings from the body of the table, and immediately above and below the table. Tables must be embedded into the text and not supplied separately.

References
References to other publications must be in APA style and carefully checked for completeness, accuracy and consistency. This is very important in an electronic environment because it enables your readers to exploit the Reference Linking facility on the database and link back to the works you have cited through CrossRef.

Two types of citations are included:
1. In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source. They are located in the body of the work and contain a fragment of the full citation.
Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:
"After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe…" (Fitzgerald, 2019).
You should cite publications in the text: (Adams, 2006) using the first named author's name or (Adams and Brown, 2006) citing both names of two, or (Adams et al., 2006), when there are three or more authors.
2. Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the assignment. At the end of the paper a reference list in alphabetical order should be supplied.
Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Fitzgerald, F. (2019). The great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.

For books: Surname, Initials (year), Title of Book, Publisher, Place of publication.
e.g. Harrow, R. (2005), No Place to Hide, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.

For book chapters: Surname, Initials (year), "Chapter title", Editor's Surname, Initials, Title of Book, Publisher, Place of publication, pages.
e.g. Calabrese, F.A. (2005), "The early pathways: theory to practice – a continuum", in Stankosky, M. (Ed.), Creating the Discipline of Knowledge Management, Elsevier, New York, NY, pp. 15-20.

For journals: Surname, Initials (year), "Title of article", Journal Name, volume issue, pages.
e.g. Capizzi, M.T. and Ferguson, R. (2005), "Loyalty trends for the twenty-first century", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 72-80.

For published conference proceedings: Surname, Initials (year of publication), "Title of paper", in Surname, Initials (Ed.), Title of published proceeding which may include place and date(s) held, Publisher, Place of publication, Page numbers.
e.g. Jakkilinki, R., Georgievski, M. and Sharda, N. (2007), "Connecting destinations with an ontology-based e-tourism planner", in Information and communication technologies in tourism 2007 proceedings of the international conference in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007, Springer-Verlag, Vienna, pp. 12-32.

For unpublished conference proceedings: Surname, Initials (year), "Title of paper", paper presented at Name of Conference, date of conference, place of conference, available at: URL if freely available on the internet (accessed date).
e.g. Aumueller, D. (2005), "Semantic authoring and retrieval within a wiki", paper presented at the European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), 29 May-1 June, Heraklion, Crete, available at: http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/aumueller05wiksar.pdf (accessed 20 February 2007).

For working papers: Surname, Initials (year), "Title of article", working paper [number if available], Institution or organization, Place of organization, date.
e.g. Moizer, P. (2003), "How published academic research can inform policy decisions: the case of mandatory rotation of audit appointments", working paper, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, 28 March.

For encyclopedia entries (with no author or editor): Title of Encyclopedia (year) "Title of entry", volume, edition, Title of Encyclopedia, Publisher, Place of publication, pages.
e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1926) "Psychology of culture contact", Vol. 1, 13th ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica, London and New York, NY, pp. 765-71.
(For authored entries please refer to book chapter guidelines above)

For newspaper articles (authored): Surname, Initials (year), "Article title", Newspaper, date, pages.
e.g. Smith, A. (2008), "Money for old rope", Daily News, 21 January, pp. 1, 3-4.

For newspaper articles (non-authored): Newspaper (year), "Article title", date, pages.
e.g. Daily News (2008), "Small change", 2 February, p. 7.

For archival or other unpublished sources: Surname, Initials, (year), "Title of document", Unpublished Manuscript, collection name, inventory record, name of archive, location of archive.
e.g. Litman, S. (1902), "Mechanism & Technique of Commerce", Unpublished Manuscript, Simon Litman Papers, Record series 9/5/29 Box 3, University of Illinois Archives, Urbana-Champaign, IL.

For electronic sources: If available online, the full URL should be supplied at the end of the reference, as well as a date that the resource was accessed.
e.g. Castle, B. (2005), "Introduction to web services for remote portlets", available at: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-wsrp/ (accessed 12 November 2007).
Standalone URLs, i.e. without an author or date, should be included either within parentheses within the main text, or preferably set as a note (roman numeral within square brackets within text followed by the full URL address at the end of the paper).

For data: Surname, Initials (year), Title of Data Set, Name of data repository, available at: Persistent URL
e.g. Campbell, A. and Kahn, R.L. (1999), American National Election Study, 1948, ICPSR07218-v3, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (distributor), Ann Arbor, MI, available at: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07218.v3

Privacy Statement

- The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

- GJASR publishes all its journals in full open access under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International License. This allows the scientific community and the general public to gain unlimited, free and immediate access to scholarly articles, and to reuse the content freely provided that proper attribution is given to the original authors.