Review on Major Factors that Influence the Success of Artificial Insemination
Factors affecting the efficiency of AI
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is the first and oldest biotechnological technology for livestock genetic improvement, and it involves inserting sperm into the female's reproductive canal without using natural mating. It's one of a group of technologies known as assisted reproduction technologies (ART), in which babies are produced by enabling the meeting of male and female gametes. Ethiopia has Africa's largest livestock population and a huge potential for dairy production expansion due to the country's favourable climate, which encourages the use of upgraded, high-yielding animal breeds and provides a disease-free environment for livestock development. Over the last four decades, development and research programs have introduced genetic enhancement of indigenous cattle through crossbreeding employing AI technology. However, due to factors such as the AI delivery system, heat detection and time of insemination, intrinsic factors associated with the cow, early embryonic losses, management issues, semen quality, insemination techniques, and lack of awareness, AI technology was not successful in improving cattle reproductive efficiency. As a result, to build a successful technology, the above-mentioned aspects must be resolved to the optimum stage of the technology requirement.
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