Characterization of Indigenous Goat Production System and Production Constraints in East Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Abstract
This study was aimed to generate organized information based on household survey. The study was conducted in three districts each representing different agro-ecologies. A total of 156 households (52 in each agro-ecology) were interviewed for the household survey. Data on goat production system were collected through questionnaire. The collected data recorded and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 and then described by descriptive statistics. According to this study, the average goat flock size in household was 7.6 in highland, 7.75 in midland and 10.2 in lowland study areas. The main reason of keeping goat in study area was for cash income, milk production, saving purpose. Natural pasture and river were the major feed and water source for goats in the study area in dry and rain season respectively. The majority of the households use separate type of housing in highland (59.6%) and in midland (76.9%) study areas, while in lowland (73.1%) study area uses kraal types of housing system. Herding practice of farmers 78.8% in highland, 90.4% in midland and 67.3% in lowland study areas of households run their goats separate from other households. Most of goat owners in the study area use uncontrolled type of mating. Growth rate, body appearance, liter size and color are most important traits in study area to select breeding bucks and does. In this area about 53.8% in highland, 51.9% in midland and 75% in lowland farmers did not carry out castration practice. As indicated present result, goat pox, diarrhea, ticks, anthrax and foot and mouth disease were goat diseases prevail in the study area. For treating their goats majority (62.8%) of goat owners in the study area accessed only government veterinary clinics. Feed shortage, disease and predator were main goat production constraints in study area. From this study results, improved forage establishment program, developing water sources, animal health service extension, awareness regarding the importance of castration and fattening and training for goat owners to focus on economically important traits during selection are forwarded for this study area.
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