Prevalence of Mastitis, Risk Factors and Its Causative Agents Western Hararghe Oromia, Ethiopia
Abstract
A cross sectional investigation was conducted from May 2018 to June 2019 to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, potential associated risk factors for the incidence of mastitis in lactating cows and to isolate the major bovine mastitis causative agents in West Harrerghe, Zone Oromia Ethiopia. A total of 151 lactating dairy cows were examined clinically to quantify the incidence of clinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was detected by using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The overall prevalence of mastitis at cow and quarter level was 36.5% and 23.4%, respectively. In the study the incidence rate sub clinical mastitis was higher (36.5%) while clinical mastitis accounts only 9.3% of the overall prevalence. Out of 604 examined quarters, 3.9%of them were clinically affected, 2.2% quarters were blind and 19.5% were positive to CMT test. The prevalence of mastitis was statistically significant (P<0.05) with associated risk factors, previous mastitis history, Teat lesion stage of lactation and parity. The result shows that Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and Echerichia coli were the major bacteria genera causes of bovine mastitis in the study area, with percentages of 51.7, 20.9 and 20.3, respectively. The present study showed that mastitis is a major problem of dairy animals in the study area and it hinders the development of national dairy sector. Contagious bacteria were the dominant cause for the disease called mastitis. Therefore strict implementation of hygienic production, practices, cow therapy and awareness creation among dairy cow owners about the disease and its treatment could undertook to reduce mastitis incidence and its risk on dairy sector.
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